Reversible Reactions
Reversible Reactions
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You can change the direction of a REVERSIBLE REACTION by changing the CONDITIONS.
For example, Ammonium Chloride:
If you HEAT the AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, it will decompose to form AMMONIA and HYDROGEN CHLORIDE in the FORWARD REACTION.
If you COOL the products AMMONIA and HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, the REVERSE REACTION would take place and the AMMONIUM CHLORIDE would be formed.
All reactions involve an ENERGY CHANGE. They can either GIVE OUT energy (EXOTHERMIC) or TAKE IN energy (ENDOTHERMIC).
In REVERSIBLE reactions, forward and reverse reactions have OPPOSITE ENERGY CHANGES:
If the forward reaction is EXOTHERMIC, then the reverse reaction must be ENDOTHERMIC and vice versa. The SAME AMOUNT of energy is transferred in each case.
This can be demonstrated with HYDRATED and ANHYDROUS SALTS.
HYDRATED SALTS are salts that CONTAIN WATER. They have water molecules bonded to their structures. They are represented with a DOT in between the salt and the surrounding water.
For example, HYDRATED COPPER SULFATE can be written as:
It has a BLUE color.
ANHYDROUS SALTS are salts that have LOST all their water. This would just be written as the salt on its own:
This has a WHITE color.
The reaction involving HYDRATED and ANHYDROUS copper sulfate is REVERSIBLE and can be written as:
In this reaction, the forward reaction is EXOTHERMIC and the reverse reaction is ENDOTHERMIC.
You can turn ANHYDROUS Copper Sulfate into HYDRATED Copper Sulfate by ADDING WATER. This causes it to change color from WHITE to BLUE.
You can turn HYDRATED Copper Sulfate into ANHYDROUS Copper Sulfate by HEATING IT. This causes it to change color from BLUE to WHITE.
You can change the direction of a REVERSIBLE REACTION by changing the CONDITIONS.
For example, Ammonium Chloride:
If you HEAT the AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, it will decompose to form AMMONIA and HYDROGEN CHLORIDE in the FORWARD REACTION.
If you COOL the products AMMONIA and HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, the REVERSE REACTION would take place and the AMMONIUM CHLORIDE would be formed.
All reactions involve an ENERGY CHANGE. They can either GIVE OUT energy (EXOTHERMIC) or TAKE IN energy (ENDOTHERMIC).
In REVERSIBLE reactions, forward and reverse reactions have OPPOSITE ENERGY CHANGES:
If the forward reaction is EXOTHERMIC, then the reverse reaction must be ENDOTHERMIC and vice versa. The SAME AMOUNT of energy is transferred in each case.
This can be demonstrated with HYDRATED and ANHYDROUS SALTS.
HYDRATED SALTS are salts that CONTAIN WATER. They have water molecules bonded to their structures. They are represented with a DOT in between the salt and the surrounding water.
For example, HYDRATED COPPER SULFATE can be written as:
It has a BLUE color.
ANHYDROUS SALTS are salts that have LOST all their water. This would just be written as the salt on its own:
This has a WHITE color.
The reaction involving HYDRATED and ANHYDROUS copper sulfate is REVERSIBLE and can be written as:
In this reaction, the forward reaction is EXOTHERMIC and the reverse reaction is ENDOTHERMIC.
You can turn ANHYDROUS Copper Sulfate into HYDRATED Copper Sulfate by ADDING WATER. This causes it to change color from WHITE to BLUE.
You can turn HYDRATED Copper Sulfate into ANHYDROUS Copper Sulfate by HEATING IT. This causes it to change color from BLUE to WHITE.
