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Required Practical: Investigating Energy Changes
- ENERGY TRANSFER in chemical reactions can be measured by monitoring TEMPERATURE CHANGES.
- The LARGER the temperature change, the LARGER the energy transferred.
- You can use this to investigate how the amount of reactants in a reaction affects the amount of energy transferred.
- Variables like REACTANT MASS and CONCENTRATION can be investigated.
- You can apply the method to measure the energy change in NEUTRALISATION REACTIONS, reactions of METALS with ACIDS, DISPLACEMENT reactions, and reactions between CARBONATES and ACIDS.
Set Up:
- Insulation: Use a POLYSTYRENE CUP with a lid for insulation to minimise energy loss to the surroundings.
Method for a Neutralisation Reaction:
- Prepare separate solutions of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with known concentrations.
- Measure the INITIAL TEMPERATURE of the solutions.
- Mix the reactants in the insulated cup and immediately cover with a lid to prevent heat loss.
- Stir the solution.
- Measure the temperature at regular intervals (e.g. every 30 seconds) and record the HIGHEST temperature reached.
- Calculate the temperature difference between the INITIAL and HIGHEST temperature readings.
- Repeat this process for DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS of acid.
Method for a Reaction between an Acid and a Metal:
- Add a solution of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the insulated cup.
- Measure the INITIAL TEMPERATURE of the solutions.
- Add a KNOWN MASS of Magnesium and immediately cover with a lid to prevent heat loss.
- Stir the solution.
- Measure the temperature at regular intervals (e.g. every 30 seconds) and record the HIGHEST temperature reached.
- Calculate the temperature difference between the INITIAL and HIGHEST temperature readings.
- Repeat this process for DIFFERENT MASSES of Magnesium.
Required Practical: Investigating Energy Changes
- ENERGY TRANSFER in chemical reactions can be measured by monitoring TEMPERATURE CHANGES.
- The LARGER the temperature change, the LARGER the energy transferred.
- You can use this to investigate how the amount of reactants in a reaction affects the amount of energy transferred.
- Variables like REACTANT MASS and CONCENTRATION can be investigated.
- You can apply the method to measure the energy change in NEUTRALISATION REACTIONS, reactions of METALS with ACIDS, DISPLACEMENT reactions, and reactions between CARBONATES and ACIDS.
Set Up:
- Insulation: Use a POLYSTYRENE CUP with a lid for insulation to minimise energy loss to the surroundings.
Method for a Neutralisation Reaction:
- Prepare separate solutions of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with known concentrations.
- Measure the INITIAL TEMPERATURE of the solutions.
- Mix the reactants in the insulated cup and immediately cover with a lid to prevent heat loss.
- Stir the solution.
- Measure the temperature at regular intervals (e.g. every 30 seconds) and record the HIGHEST temperature reached.
- Calculate the temperature difference between the INITIAL and HIGHEST temperature readings.
- Repeat this process for DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS of acid.
Method for a Reaction between an Acid and a Metal:
- Add a solution of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the insulated cup.
- Measure the INITIAL TEMPERATURE of the solutions.
- Add a KNOWN MASS of Magnesium and immediately cover with a lid to prevent heat loss.
- Stir the solution.
- Measure the temperature at regular intervals (e.g. every 30 seconds) and record the HIGHEST temperature reached.
- Calculate the temperature difference between the INITIAL and HIGHEST temperature readings.
- Repeat this process for DIFFERENT MASSES of Magnesium.
