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Ionic Compounds

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Ionic Compounds

Metals and Non-Metals that combine with IONIC BONDING form IONIC COMPOUNDS.

Ionic compounds are known for their GIANT IONIC LATTICE structure. This regular lattice consists of a 3D arrangement where ions are held together by strong ELECTROSTATIC FORCES of attraction in ALL DIRECTIONS.

NaCl 3D

Key Properties of Ionic Compounds

1. HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINTS:

There are STRONG ELECTROSTATIC FORCES of attraction between the OPPOSITELY CHARGED ions which require a LARGE amount of ENERGY to overcome.

2. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY when MOLTEN or AQUEOUS:

MOLTEN means MELTED to liquid.
AQUEOUS means DISSOLVED in water to make a SOLUTION.
When ionic compounds are MOLTEN or AQUEOUS, the IONS are FREE TO MOVE, meaning they can CARRY A CHARGE and conduct electricity.

3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY when SOLID:

IONS in the solid are FIXED meaning the IONS are NOT free to move, so they CAN’T carry a charge and conduct electricity.

Solid or Molten

4. SOLUBILITY:

Many ionic compounds CAN DISSOLVE in water, allowing the ions to separate and move freely.

Diagrams for Ionic Compounds

There are many different ways to represent the structure of IONIC COMPOUNDS, each type of diagram has their own advantages and disadvantages:

Ionic Diagrams

Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound

You can figure out the formula of an ionic compound by using its DIAGRAM or by looking at the CHARGES of the elements.

1. Use DOT AND CROSS DIAGRAMS or 3D diagrams to identify the ratio of ions in a compound.

Li2O

2. BALANCE THE CHARGES of ions to ensure the overall charge of the compound is zero.

You can do this by SWAPPING the numbers of their charges.
Let’s look at Calcium Chloride as an example:

Calcium has a charge of +2 because it is in group 2.

Chlorine has a charge of -1 because it is in group 7.

Ionic Compounds

Metals and Non-Metals that combine with IONIC BONDING form IONIC COMPOUNDS.

NaCl 3D

Key Properties of Ionic Compounds

1. HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINTS:

There are STRONG ELECTROSTATIC FORCES of attraction between the OPPOSITELY CHARGED ions which require a LARGE amount of ENERGY to overcome.

2. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY when MOLTEN or AQUEOUS:

MOLTEN means MELTED to liquid.
AQUEOUS means DISSOLVED in water to make a SOLUTION.
When ionic compounds are MOLTEN or AQUEOUS, the IONS are FREE TO MOVE, meaning they can CARRY A CHARGE and conduct electricity.

3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY when SOLID:

IONS in the solid are FIXED meaning the IONS are NOT free to move, so they CAN’T carry a charge and conduct electricity.

Solid or Molten

4. SOLUBILITY:

Many ionic compounds CAN DISSOLVE in water, allowing the ions to separate and move freely.

Diagrams for Ionic Compounds

There are many different ways to represent the structure of IONIC COMPOUNDS, each type of diagram has their own advantages and disadvantages:

Ionic Diagrams

Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound

You can figure out the formula of an ionic compound by using its DIAGRAM or by looking at the CHARGES of the elements.

1. Use DOT AND CROSS DIAGRAMS or 3D diagrams to identify the ratio of ions in a compound.

Li2O

2. BALANCE THE CHARGES of ions to ensure the overall charge of the compound is zero.

You can do this by SWAPPING the numbers of their charges.
Let’s look at Calcium Chloride as an example:

Calcium has a charge of +2 because it is in group 2.

Chlorine has a charge of -1 because it is in group 7.