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Animal, Plant & Bacteria Cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
All living things are composed of CELLS.
Cells are classified as either PROKARYOTIC or EUKARYOTIC.
Eukaryotic cells:
- These have a NUCLEUS where their genetic material is stored.
- They are LARGER and MORE COMPLEX than prokaryotic cells.
- Examples: Animal Cells & Plant Cells.
Prokaryotic cells:
- These cells do NOT have a nucleus.
- They are usually SMALLER and SIMPLER.
- Example: Bacteria Cells.
Key Structures in Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
- Nucleus: Houses GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) and controls cell activities.
- Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance where CHEMICAL REACTIONS occur.
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Mitochondria: The site of AEROBIC RESPIRATION, which releases energy.
- Ribosomes: Where PROTEINS are synthesised.
Plant Cells
- Rigid Cell Wall: Composed of CELLULOSE and provides support and structure.
- Permanent Vacuole: Contains CELL SAP which is a storage for sugar and salts.
- Chloroplasts: The location of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Contains CHLOROPHYLL to absorb light.
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
- Animal Cells DO NOT have CELL WALLS or CHLOROPLASTS.
- They usually have SMALLER VACUOLES compared to plant cells.
Key Structures in Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial Cells:
- Bacterial cells are PROKARYOTIC.
- They don’t have a true nucleus. Instead, they have a SINGLE CIRCULAR STRAND of DNA.
- Some have additional small rings of DNA called PLASMIDS.
Animal, Plant & Bacteria Cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
All living things are composed of CELLS.
Cells are classified as either PROKARYOTIC or EUKARYOTIC.
Eukaryotic cells:
- These have a NUCLEUS where their genetic material is stored.
- They are LARGER and MORE COMPLEX than prokaryotic cells.
- Examples: Animal Cells & Plant Cells.
Prokaryotic cells:
- These cells do NOT have a nucleus.
- They are usually SMALLER and SIMPLER.
- Example: Bacteria Cells.
Key Structures in Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
- Nucleus: Houses GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) and controls cell activities.
- Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance where CHEMICAL REACTIONS occur.
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Mitochondria: The site of AEROBIC RESPIRATION, which releases energy.
- Ribosomes: Where PROTEINS are synthesised.
Plant Cells
- Rigid Cell Wall: Composed of CELLULOSE and provides support and structure.
- Permanent Vacuole: Contains CELL SAP which is a storage for sugar and salts.
- Chloroplasts: The location of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Contains CHLOROPHYLL to absorb light.
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
- Animal Cells DO NOT have CELL WALLS or CHLOROPLASTS.
- They usually have SMALLER VACUOLES compared to plant cells.
Key Structures in Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial Cells:
- Bacterial cells are PROKARYOTIC.
- They don’t have a true nucleus. Instead, they have a SINGLE CIRCULAR STRAND of DNA.
- Some have additional small rings of DNA called PLASMIDS.
